<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Nullius In Verba</title>
	<atom:link href="http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com</link>
	<description>Unrestrained</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 02:53:28 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.com/</generator>
<cloud domain='mnrizal.wordpress.com' port='80' path='/?rsscloud=notify' registerProcedure='' protocol='http-post' />
<image>
		<url>http://1.gravatar.com/blavatar/f8dd0eee524050f932e659dcd5e3baec?s=96&#038;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Fbuttonw-com.png</url>
		<title>Nullius In Verba</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com</link>
	</image>
	<atom:link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="Nullius In Verba" />
	<atom:link rel='hub' href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?pushpress=hub'/>
		<item>
		<title>Tentang Kritik</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/tentang-kritik/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/tentang-kritik/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2013 20:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acep iwan saidi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[akademik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kritik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[membaca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sastra]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1571</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan baik ketika saya sedang dalam masa kuliah atau setelah lulus adalah: Kuliah jurusan apa? Lalu saya menjawab &#8220;Sastra Inggris&#8221;. And the awkward moment happens. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan selanjutnya biasanya seperti ini: Sastra itu belajar apa? Apa bedanya sama belajar bahasa? Ngapain aja? Terus, skripsinya kayak gimana? Mungkin pada taraf ini, bisa lebih dulu [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1571&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan baik ketika saya sedang dalam masa kuliah atau setelah lulus adalah: Kuliah jurusan apa? Lalu saya menjawab &#8220;Sastra Inggris&#8221;. <em>And the awkward moment happens.</em></p>
<p>Pertanyaan-pertanyaan selanjutnya biasanya seperti ini: Sastra itu belajar apa? Apa bedanya sama belajar bahasa? Ngapain aja? Terus, skripsinya kayak gimana?</p>
<p><span id="more-1571"></span>Mungkin pada taraf ini, bisa lebih dulu baca tulisan karya Acep Iwan Saidi mengenai pengajaran bahasa di Indonesia yang bisa diakses di <a title="Bahasa Indonesia sebagai Parole" href="http://www.bincangedukasi.com/bahasa-indonesia-sebagai-parole.html" target="_blank">http://www.bincangedukasi.com/bahasa-indonesia-sebagai-parole.html</a>. Artikel tersebut memaparkan bagaimana pengajaran bahasa (yang banyak kita ketahui) hanya dalam taraf strukturnya saja sehingga citra belajar bahasa menjadi kurang menarik dan seringkali dikaitkan dengan hal-hal yang membosankan. Hal seperti inilah yang perlu dihindari, karena, alih-alih orang akan tertarik belajar bahasa, mereka justru akan menghindarinya. Belajar bahasa akan dikenal orang adalah sebagai batu loncatan untuk profesi-profesi praktis seperti menjadi pemandu wisata, penerjemah,  dan segala profesi yang berhubungan dengan komunikasi bahasa asing. Bukan berarti hal tersebut salah, namun hal tersebut sangat ironis karena kita memberikan wadah yang sangat kecil bagi pembelajaran bahasa yang cakupannya sangat luas.</p>
<p>Mungkin itulah yang membuat mahasiswa lulusan ilmu Bahasa atau Sastra sedikit minder, karena citra pembelajaran bahasa sendiri kurang baik, dan hal itu tumbuh sejak kita masih di sekolah dasar. Jika dibandingkan dengan jurusan lain semisal Kedokteran, Perminyakan, Geologi, Hubungan Internasional, Hukum, atau Ekonomika, maka jelaslah timbul anggapan bahwa Sastra adalah jurusan kelas dua.</p>
<p>Kemudian, jawaban saya terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan diatas biasanya seperti ini: Sastra itu intinya ya belajar membaca dan menulis, namun dalam tingkatan yang lebih tinggi. Dan biasanya, orang yang bertanya itu masih tidak mengerti, dan saya harus menambah penjelasan lagi: Kita diajarkan untuk membuat kritik sastra. Jawaban yang paling umum adalah: Oohh. Padahal dalam hati, saya yakin, orang itu pasti salah paham dengan kata kritik. Hal itu pun terbukti dengan pernyataan lanjutan yang ia berikan: Kritik itu jadi menulis tentang kesalahan atau kekurangan di suatu karya sastra ya? Biasanya kalau jawabannya seperti ini, saya udah mulai malas berbicara sama dia.</p>
<p>Ketika saya berbicara tentang belajar membaca tingkat tinggi, maksud saya adalah membaca teks / karya sastra sebagai produk dari budaya, sebagai ekspresi yang manusia buat, bukan hanya cerita naratif yang disampaikan sebagai hiburan. Pengkajian karya sastra pun ada metodenya tersendiri dan tidak bisa asal-asalan, dan oleh sebab itu ilmu sastra adalah ilmu akademik non-eksakta. Belajar sastra berarti belajar tentang manusia, dari mulai bagaimana dia berpikir hingga wacana apa saja yang melingkupi teks dan manusia itu sendiri.</p>
<p>Dari sinilah kita dapat melihat pentingnya belajar sastra. Fungsi dari belajar sastra, menurut saya, adalah agar kita dapat melihat (atau membaca) lebih dalam terhadap diri kita sendiri dan keadaan di sekeliling kita. Produk budaya seperti karya sastra, film, lukisan, esei, dan lainnya merupaka sumber inspirasi manusia yang menggerakkan dan mengatur manusia itu sendiri, dan di dalam kajian sastra, kita belajar itu semua. Dengan belajar sastra, kita tidak semerta-merta menerima keadaan dan wacana tersebut <em>(taken for granted)</em>, tetapi menahannya terlebih dahulu, meninjaunya ulang, dan membuat perinciannya <em>(elaborating)</em>. Hasil dari perincian inilah yang disebut dengan sebuah kritik sastra.</p>
<p>Sebuah kritik pun tidak selalu benar, karena bisa saja kita menulis sebuah kritik untuk sebuah kritik. Namun pada intinya adalah adanya pembahasan terhadap sebuah karya sastra, karena kritik merupakan sebuah pembahasan dari sebuah karya dilihat dari perspektif sang penulis. Pembahasan inilah yang kita perlukan, karena dengan membahas karya sastra maka pengetahuan dan pemahaman kita akan karya sastra tersebut akan lebih luas dengan cara pengenalan konsep-konsep yang baru dan bahkan di luar dari yang tampak di permukaan akibat dari proses pembacaan ketat <em>(close reading)</em>.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/acep-iwan-saidi/'>acep iwan saidi</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/akademik/'>akademik</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/kritik/'>kritik</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/membaca/'>membaca</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/sastra/'>sastra</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1571/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1571/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1571&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/tentang-kritik/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Seri Bilangan Fu</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/seri-bilangan-fu/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/seri-bilangan-fu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 16:29:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ayu utami]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bilangan fu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[novel]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1523</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dari dua bulan ke belakang hingga saat ini, saya sedang membaca Seri Bilangan Fu (Bilangan Fu, Manjali dan Cakrabirawa, dan Lalita) karya Ayu Utami yang saya pinjam dari Iffah Adilah. Menurut saya buku-buku ini sangat bagus karena mengenalkan konsep-konsep filosofis yang cukup berat namun dikemas dalam cerita cinta segitiga yang menarik dan seru untuk dibaca. [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1523&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dari dua bulan ke belakang hingga saat ini, saya sedang membaca Seri Bilangan Fu (<em>Bilangan Fu</em>, <em>Manjali dan Cakrabirawa</em>, dan <em>Lalita</em>) karya Ayu Utami yang saya pinjam dari <a title="Iffah Adilah" href="http://uncontrolledillusion.wordpress.com">Iffah Adilah</a>. Menurut saya buku-buku ini sangat bagus karena mengenalkan konsep-konsep filosofis yang cukup berat namun dikemas dalam cerita cinta segitiga yang menarik dan seru untuk dibaca.</p>
<p>Yang menurut saya paling menarik adalah persinggungan saya dalam membaca buku-buku ini dengan konsep-konsep Hinduisme dan Buddhisme yang tampil dalam situs-situs yang ada dalam plot ceritanya. Disana sang penulis mengenalkan khazanah budaya peninggalan zaman-zaman kerajaan Hindu dan Buddha yang ketika itu masih berjaya di Nusantara.</p>
<p><span id="more-1523"></span>Saya suka dengan karakter Parang Jati, seorang mahasiswa yang memiliki banyak pengetahuan tentang arkeologi situs-situs purbakala di Indonesia. Ayu Utami (mungkin) menampung pemikiran-pemikiran spiritualisme kritisnya dalam karakter Parang Jati, karena dialah yang paling banyak mengkritik sikap-sikap manusia modern yang terdapat dalam karakter Sandi Yuda.</p>
<p>Saya jadi teringat perkuliahan yang diberikan oleh Prof. Bambang Sugiharto yang kurang lebih berisi tentang perjalanan pemikiran manusia dari sejak awal hingga masa pascamodern atau masa yang sedang kita jalani ini. Karakter Parang Jati yang selalu mengkritik pemikiran Sandi Yuda menunjukkan peralihan zaman modern ke zaman pascamodern, dimana di zaman modern manusia sangat berusaha untuk berpikir rasional dan runut tanpa mempertimbangkan yang transenden.</p>
<p>Novel ini pun dengan baik menyinggung batasan norma[l] masyarakat Indonesia, terutama dalam konteks lingkungan dimana saya berada, tentang teologi, semisal, mengapa di negara ini hanya enam agama yang diakui, ketidakpercayaan terhadap lembaga pernikahan, atau pun konsep keesaan Tuhan. Belum lagi hal-hal tabu yang disajikan dalam kisah roman antara Yuda, Parang Jati, dan Manjali yang cerita intim mereka dikemas secara implisit maupun eksplisit, menggunakan metafora maupun gamblang.</p>
<p>Eksplorasi batasan-batasan itulah yang merupakan sisi menarik dari novel ini: <em>ketidakterikatan</em>.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/review/'>Review</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/ayu-utami/'>ayu utami</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/bilangan-fu/'>bilangan fu</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/novel/'>novel</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1523/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1523/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1523&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/seri-bilangan-fu/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gowes gowes!</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 15:47:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Thru My Lens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arboretum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olahraga]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[universitas padjadjaran]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1533</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Karena perut saya mulai menggendut, jadi saya usahakan setiap akhir pekan harus melakukan olahraga. Minggu ini saya bersepeda di sekitaran kampus Unpad Jatinangor :D Filed under: Thru My Lens Tagged: arboretum, olahraga, universitas padjadjaran<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1533&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Karena perut saya mulai menggendut, jadi saya usahakan setiap akhir pekan harus melakukan olahraga. Minggu ini saya bersepeda di sekitaran kampus Unpad Jatinangor :D</p>

<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-44-15/' title='2013-01-05 08.44.15'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1534" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-44-15.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357375455&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.44.15" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-44-15.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-44-15.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-44-15.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.44.15" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2012-11-11-17-15-11/' title='2012-11-11 17.15.11'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1535" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2012-11-11-17-15-11.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1352654111&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2012-11-11 17.15.11" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2012-11-11-17-15-11.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2012-11-11-17-15-11.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2012-11-11-17-15-11.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2012-11-11 17.15.11" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-07-34-03/' title='2013-01-05 07.34.03'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1536" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-03.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357371243&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 07.34.03" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-03.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-03.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-03.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 07.34.03" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-07-34-21/' title='2013-01-05 07.34.21'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1537" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-21.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357371261&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 07.34.21" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-21.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-21.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-21.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 07.34.21" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-16-00/' title='2013-01-05 08.16.00'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1538" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-16-00.jpg" data-orig-size="768,1024" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357373760&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.16.00" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-16-00.jpg?w=225" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-16-00.jpg?w=768" width="72" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-16-00.jpg?w=72&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.16.00" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-42-34/' title='2013-01-05 08.42.34'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1551" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-42-34.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357375354&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.42.34" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-42-34.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-42-34.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-42-34.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.42.34" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-41-16/' title='2013-01-05 08.41.16'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1549" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-41-16.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357375276&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.41.16" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-41-16.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-41-16.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-41-16.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.41.16" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-39-03/' title='2013-01-05 08.39.03'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1548" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-39-03.jpg" data-orig-size="768,1024" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357375143&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.39.03" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-39-03.jpg?w=225" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-39-03.jpg?w=768" width="72" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-39-03.jpg?w=72&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.39.03" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-38-13/' title='2013-01-05 08.38.13'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1547" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-38-13.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357375093&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.38.13" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-38-13.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-38-13.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-38-13.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.38.13" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-33-07/' title='2013-01-05 08.33.07'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1546" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-33-07.jpg" data-orig-size="2048,1536" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;E15i&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374787&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.001&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.33.07" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-33-07.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-33-07.jpg?w=2048" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-33-07.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.33.07" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-30-34/' title='2013-01-05 08.30.34'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1545" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-30-34.jpg" data-orig-size="1536,2048" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;E15i&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374634&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;40&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.001&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.30.34" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-30-34.jpg?w=225" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-30-34.jpg?w=1536" width="72" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-30-34.jpg?w=72&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.30.34" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-28-32/' title='2013-01-05 08.28.32'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1544" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-28-32.jpg" data-orig-size="2048,1536" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;E15i&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374512&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;40&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.28.32" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-28-32.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-28-32.jpg?w=2048" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-28-32.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.28.32" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-25-18/' title='2013-01-05 08.25.18'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1543" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-25-18.jpg" data-orig-size="768,1024" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374318&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.25.18" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-25-18.jpg?w=225" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-25-18.jpg?w=768" width="72" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-25-18.jpg?w=72&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.25.18" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-24-12/' title='2013-01-05 08.24.12'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1541" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-24-12.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374252&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.24.12" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-24-12.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-24-12.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-24-12.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.24.12" /></a>
<a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/2013-01-05-08-21-05/' title='2013-01-05 08.21.05'><img data-liked='0' data-reblogged='0' data-attachment-id="1540" data-orig-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-21-05.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,768" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Vignette for Android&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1357374065&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-image-title="2013-01-05 08.21.05" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-21-05.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-21-05.jpg?w=1024" width="128" height="96" src="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-21-05.jpg?w=128&#038;h=96" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="2013-01-05 08.21.05" /></a>

<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/thru-my-lens/'>Thru My Lens</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/arboretum/'>arboretum</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/olahraga/'>olahraga</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/universitas-padjadjaran/'>universitas padjadjaran</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1533/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1533/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1533&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2013/01/10/gowes-gowes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-44-15.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.44.15</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2012-11-11-17-15-11.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2012-11-11 17.15.11</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-03.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 07.34.03</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-07-34-21.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 07.34.21</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-16-00.jpg?w=72" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.16.00</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-42-34.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.42.34</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-41-16.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.41.16</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-39-03.jpg?w=72" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.39.03</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-38-13.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.38.13</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-33-07.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.33.07</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-30-34.jpg?w=72" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.30.34</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-28-32.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.28.32</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-25-18.jpg?w=72" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.25.18</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-24-12.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.24.12</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://mnrizal.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-05-08-21-05.jpg?w=128" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">2013-01-05 08.21.05</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Lamunan</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/12/05/lamunan/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/12/05/lamunan/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2012 03:37:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[meracau]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1527</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sayang kalau udah capek-capek melamun tapi engga dituliskan. &#8220;Emang biasanya ngelamunin apa?&#8221; Ya apa aja, suka tiba-tiba muncul prompt, terus kepikiran aja sepanjang hari. Kaya dari hal kecil aja, misalnya ngeliatin cara orang pake baju, atau kenapa dia milih brand ini dibanding brand itu. &#8220;Capek juga ya?&#8221; Iya sih. Tapi ya gimana lagi&#8230; &#8220;Jangan ngelamun, [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1527&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sayang kalau udah capek-capek melamun tapi engga dituliskan.</p>
<p>&#8220;Emang biasanya ngelamunin apa?&#8221;</p>
<p>Ya apa aja, suka tiba-tiba muncul <em>prompt</em>, terus kepikiran aja sepanjang hari. Kaya dari hal kecil aja, misalnya ngeliatin cara orang pake baju, atau kenapa dia milih <em>brand</em> ini dibanding <em>brand</em> itu.</p>
<p>&#8220;Capek juga ya?&#8221;</p>
<p>Iya sih. Tapi ya gimana lagi&#8230;</p>
<p>&#8220;Jangan ngelamun, ntar gila.&#8221;</p>
<p>Udah tanggung.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/blogs/'>Blogs</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/meracau/'>meracau</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1527/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1527/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1527&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/12/05/lamunan/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Aksara Sunda</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/aksara-sunda/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/aksara-sunda/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Nov 2012 17:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aksara sunda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bill watson]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1518</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ᮞᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮛᮞᮥᮔ᮪! Apakah kata di atas tampil di layar komputer kamu? Kalau tidak, berarti kamu belum memasang font aksara Sunda di komputermu. Saya baru tau ternyata sudah ada orang yang mengerjakan proyek mengkodifikasi aksara Sunda ke font digital di situs http://sabilulungan.org/aksara/, padahal sebelumnya saya berpikir keras mau bikin proyek seperti itu. Saya mulai tertarik belajar aksara Sunda [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1518&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ᮞᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮛᮞᮥᮔ᮪!</p>
<p>Apakah kata di atas tampil di layar komputer kamu? Kalau tidak, berarti kamu belum memasang font aksara Sunda di komputermu. Saya baru tau ternyata sudah ada orang yang mengerjakan proyek mengkodifikasi aksara Sunda ke font digital di situs <a title="Alih Huruf Latin ke Huruf Sunda" href="http://sabilulungan.org/aksara/">http://sabilulungan.org/aksara/</a>, padahal sebelumnya saya berpikir keras mau bikin proyek seperti itu.</p>
<p>Saya mulai tertarik belajar aksara Sunda mungkin sejak dua tahun lalu, ketika melihat buku teks adik saya yang sekolah di SMA Pasundan 1 Bandung. Namun saya belum pernah serius belajar aksara ini, baru cuma baca-baca sedikit saja, baik itu dari internet dan dari buku-buku.</p>
<p><span id="more-1518"></span>Saya membayangkan belajar aksara Sunda akan lebih cepat jika dilakukan dengan menterjemahkan literatur-literatur Sunda yang kini ditulis dalam huruf Latin ke huruf Sunda. Hal tersebut akan membiasakan saya membaca huruf Sunda yang sampai saat ini masih asing di mata saya. Mungkin usaha untuk belajar huruf Sunda sama susahnya ketika saya (atau kita) belajar membaca huruf Hijaiyah untuk fasih membaca Al-Quran.</p>
<p>Minat saya untuk mempelajari aksara Sunda dan literatur Sunda pada umumnya semakin bertambah seiring dengan bertemunya saya dengan Dr. Bill Watson. Dia sendiri pernah menerjemahkan literatur-literatur Sunda ke Bahasa Inggris, dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan kesusastraan Sunda ke khalayak internasional. Dia mengatakan bahwa karya sastra Sunda lebih menarik daripada karya sastra Jawa. Lagipula, aksara Sunda terlihat lebih estetis dengan lekukan-lekukannya yang mempunyai kemiripan dengan aksara Sansekerta, berbeda dengan aksara Latin yang terlihat tegas dan kaku.</p>
<p>ᮃᮒᮧᮞ᮪ ᮠᮩᮜ ᮃᮂ. ᮠᮒᮥᮁ ᮔᮥᮠᮥᮔ᮪ :)</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/blogs/'>Blogs</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/aksara-sunda/'>aksara sunda</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/bill-watson/'>bill watson</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1518/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1518/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1518&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/aksara-sunda/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Teruntuk pucuk di ujung itu</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/19/teruntuk-pucuk-di-ujung-itu/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/19/teruntuk-pucuk-di-ujung-itu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Sep 2012 01:53:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1500</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Teruntuk pucuk di ujung itu Yang sayang jika menapak tanah. Aku tanah tandus, Tak usah kau jatuh. Filed under: Blogs<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1500&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Teruntuk pucuk di ujung itu<br />
Yang sayang jika menapak tanah.<br />
Aku tanah tandus,<br />
Tak usah kau jatuh.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/blogs/'>Blogs</a>  <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1500/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1500/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1500&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/19/teruntuk-pucuk-di-ujung-itu/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Makalah tentang Karya-Karya Sastra John Woolman</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/makalah-tentang-karya-karya-sastra-john-woolman/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/makalah-tentang-karya-karya-sastra-john-woolman/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 08:13:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[john woolman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sejarah amerika]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1496</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[John Woolman, lahir pada 19 Oktober 1720 dan meninggal pada 7 Oktober 1772, adalah seorang Quaker Amerika yang bekerja sebagai penceramah yang berpindah-pindah. Dia telah berkeliling mengitari koloni-koloni Amerika dan Inggris dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya, seperti berceramah tentang perlawanan terhadap kejahatan yang ditujukan ke hewan, ketidakadilan dan opresi dalam kasus-kasus ekonomi, pajak militer, dan yang paling [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1496&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>John Woolman, lahir pada 19 Oktober 1720 dan meninggal pada 7 Oktober 1772, adalah seorang Quaker Amerika yang bekerja sebagai penceramah yang berpindah-pindah. Dia telah berkeliling mengitari koloni-koloni Amerika dan Inggris dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya, seperti berceramah tentang perlawanan terhadap kejahatan yang ditujukan ke hewan, ketidakadilan dan opresi dalam kasus-kasus ekonomi, pajak militer, dan yang paling penting adalah tentang perbudakan dan jual beli budak.</p>
<p>Woolman mulai mempertanyakan dan berani berbicara tentang perlawanan terhadap perbudakan ketika ia bekerja sebagai penulis. Orang yang mempekerjakannya menyuruh dia untuk menulis nota penjualan seorang budak. Ditengah-tengah konflik batinnya, Woolman menulis pernyataan ini dalam nota penjualan tersebut: “but at the executing of it I was so afflicted in my mind, that I said before my master and the Friend that I believed slavekeeping to be a practice inconsistent with the Christian religion” (The Journal of John Woolman, p. 15). Dia telah menyadari bahwa ada hubungan antara perbudakan dan agama yang dianutnya. Dia melihat kontradiksi ketika para pemuka agama sendirilah yang memelihara budak, padahal dalam agama Kristen tidak ada istilah memiliki budak.</p>
<p><span id="more-1496"></span>Salah satu karya sastra yang terkenal oleh John Woolman adalah <em>The Journal of John Woolman</em>. Karya ini merupakan karya yang diterbitkan setelah ia meninggal, diterbitkan pada tahun 1772 oleh perusahaan cetak Joseph Crukshank, seorang tukang cetak di Philadelphia yang juga merupakan seorang Quaker. Terdapat beberapa edisi yang beredar, termasuk edisi Whittier yang dicetak tahun 1871. Edisi standar yang biasa dipakai dalam dunia akademik adalah edisi <em>The Journal and Major Essays of John Woolman</em>, ed. Phillips P. Moulton, Friends United Press, 1989.</p>
<p>The Journal of John Woolman tidak hanya dikenal sebagai dokumen spiritual yang sangat penting, namun juga karya klasik di kesusastraan Inggris, seperti yang ditunjukan oleh keberadaan karya tersebut di Harvard Classics. Karya ini merupakan karya sastra terpanjang yang pernah diterbitkan di dalam sejarah Amerika Utara, selain kitab Injil, yang diterbitkan secara terus menerus sejak sebelum revolusi Amerika tahun 1776.</p>
<p>Dalam jurnalnya, John Woolman bercerita tentang perubahan-perubahan besar yang terjadi dalam hidupnya. Ketika ia muda ia pernah melempar-lempar sarang burung robin yang masih terdapat anak-anak burung tersebut di sarangnya. Woolman, seperti anak kecil yang lainnya, mulai melemparkan batu-batu kepada induk burung tersebut dan mencoba mengenainya. Akhirnya, burung tersebut terbunuh, dan dia menyesal karena pada akhirnya dia menyadari anak-anak burung tersebut tidak akan selamat karena induknya telah terbunuh. Dia pun kemudian naik ke pohon tersebut dan membawa turun sarangnya. Segera setelah itu, dia membunuh anak-anak burung tersebut, karena dia percaya hal itu merupakan jalan yang terbaik untuk dilakukan. Pengalaman ini tertanam dalam hatinya, menginspirasi dia untuk mencintai dan melindungi semua jenis makhluk hidup sejak saat itu.</p>
<p>Di tahun 1754 Woolman menulis <em>Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes</em>. Di dalam karyanya itu, dia menolak aksi jual beli budak. Dalam lingkungan kerjanya, dia berupaya keras untuk meyakinkan para Quaker yang masih memiliki budak untuk melepaskan budaknya. Secara personal dia berusaha untuk menghindari penggunaan produk yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan perbudakan. Contohnya, dia menggunakan pakaian yang tidak diwarnai karena para budaklah yang melakukan proses perwarnaan itu. Dia juga kemudian terkenal untuk penolakannya terhadap penggunaan kereta kuda yang cukup besar pada waktu itu. Dia pikir pengoperasian kereta kuda itu terlalu kejam untuk sang kuda, karena dapat melukainya.</p>
<p>Di dalam essay tersebut, dia menyatakan protes terhadap perbudakan dimana protes tersebut dilandasi oleh agama. Dia menulis essay tersebut dalam beberapa tahun dan di tahun 1754, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting akhirnya memutuskan untuk menerbitkan karya tersebut. Tidak seperti pergerakan anti perbudakan yang lainnya, kali ini John Woolman melakukan pendekatan yang lebih halus agar dapat diterima oleh Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. Dia tidak langsung menyerang ke pemilik budak, namun dia menekankan prinsip “persamaan hak”. Selanjutnya, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting menerbitkan makalah dia yang berjudul “Epistle of Caution and Advice” yang menolak gagasan membeli dan menyimpak budak.</p>
<p>Pada tahun 1755, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting meminta para anggotanya yang mengimpor budak-budak atau membeli mereka secara lokal untuk melepaskan mereka. Kemudian, Woolman pergi ke Virginia Maryland dan ke Carolina Utara. Kunjungannya kali ini adalah untuk menemui keluarga para majikan budak yang juga seorang Quaker. Pada tahun 1758 dikeluarkan peraturan untuk membeli dan menjual budak. Anggota-anggota Philadelphia Yearly Meeting yang masih memiliki dan membeli budak akan dikeluarkan dari keanggotaan.</p>
<p>Sekitar awal tahun 1762, Woolman dan yang lainnya menolak untuk membeli barang-barang yang diproduksi dari hasil perbudakan. Sampai tahun 1826, hal tersebut menjadi sebuah gerakan anti perbudakan yang dikenal dengan nama Free Produce. Benjamin Lundy dari Baltimore membuka toko yang hanya menjual barang-barang “free produce” dan di tahun 1827 sebuah kelompok masyarakat “Free Produce Society” didirikan oleh Thomas M’Clintock dan kawan-kawan di Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p>
<p>John Woolman meninggal dalam perjalanan menuju Inggris pada tahun 1772 karena penyakit cacar air. Dua tahun setelah ia meninggal, jurnalnya yang berjudul <em>The Journal of John Woolman</em> diterbitkan. Empat tahun setelah kematian Woolman, kepemilikan budak dalam lingkungan Quaker resmi dilarang.</p>
<blockquote><p>…true religion consisted in an inward life, wherein the heart doth love and reverence God the Creator and learn to exercise true justice and goodness, not only toward all men but also toward the brute creatures; that as the mind was moved on an inward principle to love God as an invisible, incomprehensible being, on the same principle it was moved to love him in all his manifestations in the visible world; that as by his breath the flame of life was kindled in all animal and sensitive creatures, to say we love God as unseen and at the same time exercise cruelty toward the least creature moving by his life, or by life derived from him, was a contradiction in itself. (Woolman, 1989, p. 28)</p></blockquote>
<p>Dalam karya jurnalnya, dia selalu menyebutkan kata “true religion is both inward and outward”. Kata yang paling banyak diulangi adalah kata “love”, yang dapat berarti cinta terhadap Tuhan, lingkungan sekitar, maupun seluruh bentuk mahkluk hidup. Semua tipe cinta ini datang dari sumber yang sama dan menyatu secara intim: ketika ada satu, mereka adalah sisanya.</p>
<p>Tugas dari Annual Session salah satunya adalah untuk mempersiapkan Yearly Meeting secara kolektif untuk tahun kedepannya. Dalam jurnalnya, Woolman menulis:</p>
<p>From an inward purifying, and steadfast abiding under it, springs a lively operative desire for the good of others. All faithful people are not called to the public ministry, but whoever are, are called to minister of that which they have tasted and handled spiritually. The outward modes of worship are various, but wherever men are true ministers of Jesus Christ it is from the operation of his spirit upon their hearts, first purifying them and thus giving them a feeling sense of the conditions of others. (1989, p. 31)</p>
<p>John Woolman merupakan seorang penulis yang sangat telaten. Dia selalu menjelaskan beberapa kata yang sulit kedalam beberapa penjelasan, seperti kata “purifying” atau penyucian. Pertama, dia menawarkan sebuah pemahaman tentang proses spiritual yang ada di dalam yang hanya terjadi jika telah melalui proses penyucian.</p>
<p>Proses penyucian akan sangat sulit diartikan dalam masa kini, karena kata tersebut belum berarti sama dengan yang ada pada saat ini. Dengan membaca secara teliti karya John Woolman, kita dapat tahu bahwa lawan kata dari “purifying” disini bukan “dirtiness” melainkan “confusion” atau “mixture”. Penyucian bukan hanya merupakan pembersihan tetapi juga sebuah proses klarifikasi untuk membuat semuanya lebih jelas.</p>
<p>Yang perlu disucikan dan apa yang menyucikannya adalah, menurut John Woolman, hati kita yang tidak suci. Manusia telah dikuasai oleh hasrat sehingga tidak sesuai dengan kasih sayang Ilahiah atau dengan desain yang telah diciptakan oleh Tuhan. Hasrat-hasrat tersebut tidak harmonis dengan kebajikan yang suci.</p>
<p>Motivasi yang manusia miliki tidak suci, melainkan bercampur dengan motivasi lainnya. Karena motivasi yang manusia miliki bercampur, selalu ada kemungkinan untuk menipu diri, memproyeksikan kebutuhan diri sendiri dengan dunia yang luas, sangat bergantung dengan memenuhi kenikmatan diri sendiri dan berlaku tidak adil.</p>
<p>Penyucian membutuhkan keberserahan diri dari orang tersebut. Tindakan ini bukan untuk mematikan diri sendiri atau tindakan untuk menyakiti diri sendiri, walaupun hal ini bisa disebut kematian. Manusia berserah diri bukan untuk melepaskan semua yang ia miliki namun untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak hal. Terma tradisional yang dipakai oleh orang-orang Quaker ini maksudnya adalah mati dan hidup bersama Kristus. Hal-hal yang membuat penyucian, menurut Woolman, adalah cinta yang suci untuk Kristus. Tetapi, hal ini bukanlah sebuah sumpah. Inilah yang membuat konsep penyucian tidak semenakutkan yang orang bayangkan. Visi manusia menjadi suci, begitu pula hati manusia. Hasil dari proses ini, menurut Woolman:</p>
<blockquote><p>…a new life is formed in us, the heart is purified and prepared to understand clearly. “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” [Mt. 5:8]. In purity of heart the mind is divinely opened to behold the nature of universal righteousness, or the righteousness of the kingdom of God. (1989, p. 177)</p></blockquote>
<p>Ketika visi manusia semakin meningkat, mereka dapat melihat asal muasal dari Tuhan dengan cara yang belum pernah mereka rasakan sebelumnya. Identitas Tuhan terbungkus dalam kebenaran. Nabi-nabi yang ada dalam kitab Injil selalu memasangkan kebenaran dan keadilan. Dalam kitab Perjanjian Baru, kata ‘kebenaran’ sama artinya dengan kata ‘keadilan’.</p>
<p>Ketika manusia berserah diri, dia akan melihat Tuhan dengan perspektif baru dan secara jelas dapat melihat kebenaran dan selanjutnya, manusia harus menyikapinya dengan kecintaan. Itulah dasar-dasar dari proses transformasi spiritual, seperti yang dipahami oleh John Woolman. Dalam hal penyucian atau menjadi suci, kita juga harus mempertimbangkan frase favorit John Woolman untuk kegiatan Ilahiah: kebajikan yang suci.</p>
<p>Kebajikan yang suci, menurut John Woolman, memberikan batasan-batasan yang jelas terhadap hasrat manusia. Ketika kesombongan menguasai, kebajikan yang suci akan mempengaruhi kita sehingga hasrat-hasrat yang manusia miliki akan memiliki batasan-batasan.</p>
<h3>Daftar Pustaka</h3>
<p>Woolman, J. (1989). <em>The Journal and Major Essay of John Woolman.</em> (P. P. Moulton, Ed.) Friends United Press.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/john-woolman/'>john woolman</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/quaker/'>quaker</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/sejarah-amerika/'>sejarah amerika</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1496/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1496/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1496&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/makalah-tentang-karya-karya-sastra-john-woolman/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Short Response for Jabbawockez Performance</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-jabbawockez-performance/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-jabbawockez-performance/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 08:07:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[choreography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jabbawockez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[play]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stage]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1494</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Acting or performing arts on the stage is not merely a play, because dancing, I think, is a kind of acting. A dance or a play performance has many similarities, so that it can be analyzed in the same way. Like the performance of Jabbawockez, a dancing band who win the first season of America’s [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1494&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Acting or performing arts on the stage is not merely a play, because dancing, I think, is a kind of acting. A dance or a play performance has many similarities, so that it can be analyzed in the same way. Like the performance of Jabbawockez, a dancing band who win the first season of America’s Best Dance Crew, there are some aspects of dance performance which is also included on the play.</p>
<p>Different with play, dance sends its message by the choreography. Jabbawockez has many variations of choreography, including the collective movement and the individual movement. Generally, they dance in hip-hop style. Because they performance are purposed to get a heavy support from the audience, they need to make the crowd astonished. So, mostly on their performance they need to make a fast choreography to get rid of boredom. Also, they create much unique choreography, like performing one of the members as a stage property. In addition, they sometimes add a narrative story on their choreography and it is usually wrapped with a funny movement.</p>
<p><span id="more-1494"></span>Because they employ hip-hop dance, of course the music has to be supporting the dance. They always use hip-hop music with a rather fast beat so that it gives a vibrant nuance. Hip-hop music usually uses electronic instruments including synthesizer, disc, and so on. The rhythm of the music is synchronized with every movement of Jabbawockez’s. The music supports the narrative aspect on their dance. The dance is based on the material of the music lyric.</p>
<p>They always use a uniform costume, with a same hat and make-up. In their performance, they never reveal their faces. They always use masks and gloves. Maybe it is done to make the same expression of each member, so they are not recognized as an individual, but as a team. Sometimes they use a contrast color for their gloves. It makes the attention of the audience turns to the movement of the gloves. Moreover, the costume is sometimes customized according to the theme of the performance. When they act as military officers, for example, they use a military pattern on their clothes and the helmet.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/choreography/'>choreography</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/dance/'>dance</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/jabbawockez/'>jabbawockez</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/play/'>play</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/stage/'>stage</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1494/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1494/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1494&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-jabbawockez-performance/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Short Response for &#8220;Dutchman&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-dutchman/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-dutchman/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 08:00:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amiri baraka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dutchman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leroi jones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[slavery]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1490</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When I first read Baraka’s play entitled Dutchman, the first thing I emphasized was the Clay character. Clay is characterized as a young, colored person from America. The name itself symbolizes the stereotyped name of slave in America, because it reminds me about Muhammad Ali who changed his name from its former name: Cassius Clay. [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1490&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When I first read Baraka’s play entitled <em>Dutchman</em>, the first thing I emphasized was the Clay character. Clay is characterized as a young, colored person from America. The name itself symbolizes the stereotyped name of slave in America, because it reminds me about Muhammad Ali who changed his name from its former name: Cassius Clay. He doesn’t want to be named ‘Clay’ because it is “a symbol of his ancestor’s enslavement” (Wikipedia, 2012). The name and the appearance of the person are so related with enslavement in America historically. Furthermore, the age of the character Clay which still young shows the stereotype of the slave which never grow old because they never get their civil right. The civil right, however, is given by the government or private organization to let the people participate in the civil and political activities.</p>
<p>However, the domination of Lula in the dialog represents the domination of the white people toward the colored people. The domination which hugely appears in the Scene I is presented by the innocence of Clay when he talked with Lula. Lula claims that Clay was staring at him through the window although Clay never did that. Also, the domination is presented by the number of times Lula makes lies to Clay. For example, when Clay asks her name, she answers it with “Lena the Hyena” which is not true. Also, Lula usually mocks Clay which shows that Lula is more powerful than clay in the dialogue. She utters the mocking by mentioning that “[y]our grandfather was a slave, he didn’t go to Harvard” (Baraka, 1980, p. 1901), for example.</p>
<p><span id="more-1490"></span>As a consequence of this domination, Clay who is oppressed by the mocking of Lula starts to rebel her. Suddenly after she mocks Clay, Clay performs a long monologue toward Lula to fight against her mocking and domination. However, the condition is never turned around because after the protest of Clay, he is murdered by Lula. The rebellion of Clay is failed to make his position levels with Lula’s position as the dominator.</p>
<p>This issue is clearly related with the oppression of the white people toward the colored people in America in the 1950-60s. The white people politically segregate their place with the colored people by the distinction of many activity places. The social activist like Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy and Malcolm X who rebel against racial segregation and racial discrimination is silenced, even more, assassinated. The Dutchman drama evidently depicts this condition by presenting Clay as the oppressed and Lula as the oppression. Also, the drama portrays the failure of the rebel to change the condition.</p>
<h3>Works Cited</h3>
<p>Baraka, I. A. (1980). Dutchman. In G. McMichael, <em>Anthology of American Literature Vol. 2: Realism to the Present</em> (p. 1901). New York: MacMillan.</p>
<p>Wikipedia. (2012, April 18). <em>Muhammad Ali</em>. Retrieved April 23, 2012, from Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali</a></p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/amiri-baraka/'>amiri baraka</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/drama/'>drama</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/dutchman/'>dutchman</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/leroi-jones/'>leroi jones</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/slavery/'>slavery</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1490/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1490/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1490&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/short-response-for-dutchman/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Notion of Doubleness in Stoppard&#8217;s &#8220;The Real Inspector Hound&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/the-notion-of-doubleness-in-stoppards-the-real-inspector-hound/</link>
		<comments>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/the-notion-of-doubleness-in-stoppards-the-real-inspector-hound/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 07:49:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rizal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[doubleness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stoppard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the real inspector hound]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/?p=1483</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the theatre building, there is always a stage where the actors act for their play and the audience seats. The audiences come to the theater to watch a drama performed by the actors. However, in the short play entitled “The Real Inspector Hound” written by Tom Stoppard between 1961 and 1962, this idea seems [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1483&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the theatre building, there is always a stage where the actors act for their play and the audience seats. The audiences come to the theater to watch a drama performed by the actors. However, in the short play entitled “The Real Inspector Hound” written by Tom Stoppard between 1961 and 1962, this idea seems to be blurred. This detective-story play brings new idea so that the audiences are able to cross from their seat to the stage, and vice versa. Thus, the elaboration of the notion of “doubleness” will be presented on this paper.</p>
<p>The stage direction itself firstly attempts to bring the audience join with the play by trying to reflect the audiences’ image to themselves by using a huge mirror. The audience then can see their own reflection on the stage, so instead of watching the performer’s acting, they can see both the acting of the performer and their reflection. In a sense, their reflection becomes one of the stage decoration which provided by the audience. The gap between the performance and the audience is diminished. In the major number of plays, the audience “shall” watch the actor and the stage property. But in this play, the audience becomes one of the play’s properties. Although this attempt is impossible to be done, but still the stage direction says that the huge mirror is needed to be revealed, because it is mentioned on the first line of the play.</p>
<p><span id="more-1483"></span>The audience seats at last become one of the play properties where the character of two critics named Moon and Birdboot starts their acting. The presence of the two characters who sit in the audience seat and the presence of acting area which is decorated in the style of “drawing-room of Muldoon Manor” enable an enigmatic question of where the border between the audience area and the stage area is. The play shows that Moon and Birdboot, who also actors in this play, can view the play also. Moon is characterized as a critic who occasionally uses metaphor or other figurative languages in his critique like when he describes about the absence of Higgs, he said “[m]y presence defines his absence, his absence confirms my presence, his presence preludes mine…” (Stoppard 2787), while Birdboot is characterized as a womanizer who although he has a wife, he later is interested with one of the actresses on the play.</p>
<p>BIRDBOOT: <em>Underneath?!</em> It’s a whodunit, man! – Look at it!<br />
[<em>They look at it. The room. The </em>BODY<em>. Silence</em>]<br />
Has it started yet?<br />
MOON: Yes.<br />
[<em>Pause. They look at it.]</em><br />
BIRDBOOT: Are you sure?<br />
MOON: It’s a pause. (Stoppard 2788)</p>
<p>The theatre critics recognize the play which at the moment is in the pause state. Furthermore, as theatre critics, they criticize the play. In this session, there is a clear boundary between the critics and the acting area, because there are audiences who watch the stage and there is a stage to be watched by the audience. By criticizing the play, the critics claim the authority of all circumstance of the play, both the audience area and the acting area. So, this play has two stages, the audience seat and the usual acting area. However, the relationship between the two stages is not parallel at this moment. The acting area is framed by the audience area’s acting which is now held by the critics.</p>
<p>The first layer of the framed play contains the “real” life of the critics, including the friendship relation between Moon and Birdboot and the marriage life of Birdboot and Myrtle. The first layer tells the story that there are two critics watching a play which is set in the drawing-room of Muldoon Manor while the second layer tells what is happened in Muldoonn Manor. This layer also includes the conversation between Moon and Birdboot which sometime formed as a critique. For example, the two critics give a <em>critic voice</em> about who the real madman is:</p>
<p>BIRDBOOT: Simon Gascoyne. It’s not him, of course.<br />
MOON: What?<br />
BIRDBOOT: I said it is not him.<br />
MOON: Who is, then?<br />
BIRDBOOT: My guess is Magnus.<br />
MOON: In disguise, you mean? (Stoppard 2793)</p>
<p>Moreover, the second layer is firstly initiated by the appearance of Mrs. Drudge who worked as a house cleaner in Muldoon Manor. The second layer story begins by the announcement from a radio that there is a madman escaped and at the moment he starts his runaway to Essex, the place where the Muldon Manor is. This problem emerges the plot of the second layer. Although firstly the problem comes into being by the appearance of Higgs’ body at the acting stage, the body remains undiscovered until the middle of the plot so that it does not ignite the problem of the story.</p>
<p>The relation between the first layer and the second layer is built from several aspects. Firstly, it comes into existence by the comments of the critics. The audience space is trespassed by the view of the critics toward the performance which is performed at the acting area. The critique signifies that the audience is related with the acting area via the view of the critics. Secondly, it emerges by the conversation turn-taking between the first layer and the second layer.</p>
<p>MOON: I say, Birdboot…<br />
BIRDBOOT: That’s the one.<br />
FELICITY: [Catching sight of SIMON.] You!<br />
[FELICITY’s manner at the moment is one of great surprise but some pleasure.]<br />
SIMON: [Nervously.] Er, yes – hello again.<br />
FELICITY: What are you doing here?<br />
SIMON: Well, I …<br />
MOON: She’s –<br />
BIRDBOOT: Sssh …<br />
SIMON: No doubt you’re surprised to see me. (Stoppard 2794)</p>
<p>The turn-taking seems to happen simultaneously. In the example above, the turn to speak between the actor of the first layer and the second layer occurs like they are on the same stage. Instead, there is a distance between them because they are separated as an actor who acts in the acting area and the critic who acts in the audience seat. In addition, the most remarkable crossing of the two layers occurs when the critics who formerly sit on the audience seat jump up to the stage.</p>
<p>It is firstly initiated by the impatience of Moon who hears the phone ringing on the empty stage. The phone call is actually for Birdboot, so then he gives it away. When he is on the phone call, suddenly Felicity gets into the stage and the plot of the acting area is moving again within Birdboot as one of the actors. However, the play is actually not moving from the earlier scene, but repeated from the first time Felicity gets into the drawing-room. In this occasion, Birdboot is acting as a Simon, because the former Simon is murdered.</p>
<p>There are some similarities between Simon and Birdboot. Simon loves Felicity and makes an illicit affair with Felicity, and Birdboot as well. Birdboot has been interested in Felicity from the first time Felicity starts his acting. When he has a chance to meet Felicity at the play, like Simon do, he makes an illicit affair with Felicity whereas he has a wife. Thus, the “real life” of Birdboot is taken along to the second layer of the play which is merely a fiction. Although actually the first layer is also a fiction, the first layer brings more reality features because it gives an example of a real marriage life between Birdboot and Myrtle and the situation of criticizing a said play. However, the shift of the role between the audience and the actor is happened unconsciously by Birdboot. When Birdboot is “turning [himself] into a complete farce” (Stoppard 2811), Moon becomes panic because he cannot stop Birdboot to act, because he sees that Birdboot doesn’t realize that he transforms himself from the audience to the actor.</p>
<p>Moreover, the double role of Birdboot which in one time he is a critic and in another time he becomes an actor is also occurred by Moon. When Birdboot dies, unconsciously he gets into the stage and suddenly runs to Birdboot’s body. He then becomes the substitution of Inspector Hound. Cynthia calls him Inspector Hound and surprisingly he answers it. After that, the play goes on with Moon presented as Hound.</p>
<p>Conversely, Simon and Hound, who formerly they are the actors of the play, occupy the critics’ seat. The role of Moon-Birdboot and Simon-Hound is turned around. Simon and Hound become critics while Moon and Birdboot become actors. This exchange signifies the doubleness idea in this play, particularly in a role of the actors.</p>
<p>To conclude, the play brings the idea of doubleness by presenting the shifted role between the actors and the audience from different place: the audience area and the acting area. The audience, in some parts, is brought to the stage as a property and as an actor. Also, the double is come into being by the looping of the plot. The plot is moving twice in some scenes of the play, so that it is repeated and occurred doubly.</p>
<h3>Works Cited</h3>
<p>Stoppard, Tom. &#8220;The Real Inspector Hound.&#8221; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Norton Anthology of English Literature.</span> Ed. M. H. Abrams. Seventh Edition. Vol. II. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2000. 2787-2815.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/category/essays/'>Essays</a> Tagged: <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/doubleness/'>doubleness</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/drama/'>drama</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/stage/'>stage</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/stoppard/'>stoppard</a>, <a href='http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/tag/the-real-inspector-hound/'>the real inspector hound</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1483/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/mnrizal.wordpress.com/1483/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=mnrizal.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4153345&#038;post=1483&#038;subd=mnrizal&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://mnrizal.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/the-notion-of-doubleness-in-stoppards-the-real-inspector-hound/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/27b789ce32c372a58b65908abf3633db?s=96&#38;d=monsterid" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Rizal</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
